温室有机土栽培CO_2浓度变化规律及增施CO_2对番茄生长发育的影响

Rules of CO_2 concentration change under organic soil cultivation and effects of CO_2 application on tomato plants in solar greenhouse

实验分析了有机土栽培下温室内CO2浓度变化规律,研究了增施CO2对温室番茄植株生理效应、产量、果实品质的影响。结果表明:有机土栽培条件下温室内CO2浓度变化存在明显的季节变化和日变化。温室内CO2浓度在11月和3月,最高浓度达到1200μL·L-1以上,在改善温光条件下,可不施或少施CO2;而7月温室内CO2日最高浓度在500μL·L-1以下,每天应提早增施CO2。CO2空间分布为近地面层>畦面>植株内部>冠层>株顶上部。不同的栽培方式下,有机土壤栽培CO2浓度日变化范围为331～1294μL·L-1,而外界浓度与土壤无作物栽培方式日变化范围为327～556μL·L-1,土壤栽培CO2变化范围为402～1047μL·L-1。光照强度是影响温室内CO2浓度和利用效率的主要因素。与对照相比,温室内增施CO2番茄株高增加18.29%,总干重增加18.69%,功能叶面积增加22.02%,光合速率提高48.92%,叶绿素含量增加33.00%,羧化效率提高87.50%,产量增加26.48%,果实Vc增加33.27%,番茄红素增加30.98%,差异均达到显著水平。

The change rules of CO_2 concentration in greenhouse and tomato physiological effects were analyzed under organic soil cultivation.The results showed that there were space and season differences of CO_2 concentration in greenhouse.Highest diurnal CO_2 concentration in November and March was above 1 200 μL·L^(-1).No application or less application can be used in greenhouse in the case of improving temperature and radiation conditions.Highest diurnal CO_2 concentration in July was less than 500 μL·L^(-1).It is necessary to add CO_2 earlier everyday.The order of spatial distribution of CO_2 concentration is the ground>the surface>the interior>the cres>the upper.Diurnal change range of CO_2 concentration in organic soil cultivation is 331~1294 μL·L^(-1);and the range in soil cultivation without crop and outsides was 327~556 μL·L^(-1).Photon flux density is the most important environmental factor affecting CO_2 concentration in greenhouse.Comparing with CK,18.29% more height,18.69% more total dry weight,22.02% more leaf area,48.92% more photosynthetic rate,33.00% more chlorophyll content,87.50% more carboxylation efficiency,26.48% more yield,33.27% more Vc,30.98% more red element in fruits were obtained with CO_2 application.