冷杉属种间人工杂交研究进展

Advances of research on artificial interspecific hybridization of Abies

该文对冷杉属种间人工杂交的研究情况进行了概述 .2 0世纪 5 0— 6 0年代 ,美国和欧洲一些国家的学者开展了大量的冷杉属种间杂交试验 ,并获得了一些杂种 ,同时也发现了冷杉属内不同树种间杂交的亲和性有差异 :同派树种间杂交亲和性高 ;派间树种杂交亲和性低 ,有的甚至无亲和性 .研究表明 :在冷杉属树种的系统进化过程中 ,地理隔离比遗传隔离发挥了更大的作用 .细胞学研究发现 ,杂种胚阶段胚或胚珠的败育是冷杉种间杂交不成功的主要原因 .作者对我国开展这项研究提出了几点看法 :①应大力开展我国冷杉树种间 ,以及与国外冷杉树种间的杂交研究 ;②杂交时必须考虑种的系统关系学并以派内杂交为主导方向 ;③对我国冷杉属树种进行开花结实习性研究 ;④开展我国冷杉属树种的系统学和遗传多样性研究 ;⑤结合现代生物技术和分子生物学知识 ,克服常规杂交中的困难 .

This paper summarizes the advances of research on artificial interspecific hybridization within Abies. In 1950--1960s,researchers of America and European countries had carried out many experiments on interspecific hybridization of Abies and obtained some hybrids. They found that the compatibility of interspecific hybridization varied within the genus. The compatibility is higher when crossing between species within section and lower, or even no compatibility, between species intersections. Those research shows that geographic isolation plays a more important role than genetic isolation in the phyogenesis of Abies. Cytological studies show that the incompatibility of interspecific hybridization of Abies is mainly due to the abort of embryos or ovules. In addition,the authors suggest:①The research of firs hybridization should be carried out on a large scale in China;② In hybridization, the phylogeny of Abies must be considered, and we should put emphasis on the intro-section hybridization;③The research on the strobili phenology of firs can ensure the hybridization succeed; ④The research is also important for the hybridization to study the genetic diversity of Abies; ⑤We can use the biotechnology and the knowledge of modern molecular biology to overcome the difficulties of breeding.