杂交小麦强优势组合选配分析

Parental selection of heterosis crosses in hybrid wheat breeding

选用8个表现突出的杂交组合,以小偃22作对照,从亲本和杂种一代产量性状、株型、株高、抗病性等农艺性状角度对其组合选配模式进行了分析。结果表明:8个组合在产量性状上均表现出正向的杂种优势。产量构成因素中以千粒重的优势为最大,其次为穗数和穗粒数;多穗型亲本与早熟大穗亲本型组配,且双亲株高在75～80cm左右,株型紧凑,抗病,较容易选配出理想的强优势组合,为杂种小麦生产实现产业化提供依据。

Using 8 crosses and Xiaoyan 22, the agronomic characters of hybrid wheat such as yield, plant model, plant height and resistance to stripe rust were analyzed for the parents and F_1. The result showed that all of the 8 crosses had positive heterosis, and in the yield characters, the heterosis of 1000-grain weight was higher than that of spike number and grains per spike. The ideal crosses were found between the female of multiple-spike type and the male of large-head type, whose plant height was 75~80 cm, plant pattern was compact, and disease-resistance was high. The thesis may provide basis for the industrialization of hybrid wheat.