水肥耦合对矮化富士苹果幼树的促长促花作用研究

Accelerating function of fertilizer and irrigation on shoot growth and flowering of young dwarfing apple tree

采用311-A最优混合设计,以有机肥、无机肥(N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.7∶1)和补充灌水量为主要因子,对无病毒矮化红富士幼树的生长发育和早实性进行了研究。结果表明,在渭北旱塬南缘,采取合理的水肥组合与管理措施,可显著改善矮化红富士幼树的营养状况,促进新梢生长和提早开花结实。在平水年,降水可满足幼树生长需要,补充灌水虽可促进春梢生长,但对提早开花结实有负作用;不施肥或施肥不足,则成为影响红富士幼树生长、发育和早实性的主要限制因子。增施有机肥(混合厩肥)24536kg/hm2,无机肥N、K2O各459.86kg/hm2、P2O5321.90kg/hm2,补充灌水35.86mm可使春梢生长量达到最大,对迅速扩冠成形极为有利;同时该施肥、灌水水平亦可使栽后第三年开花株率达70.1%。

311-A optimal composite design was used to study water-fertilizer coupling effects to dwarfing Fuji apple tree in juvenile period. The results showed that, in the semi-arid region of Weibei Highland, a rational application of fertilizer and water could improve nutrient status and spring shoot growth of trees, and enhance early blossoming and fruit-bearing. In normal year, the precipitation could meet the water needs of young trees, while supplemental irrigation could increase spring shoot growth but was unfavorable to blossoming. Abiotrophy resulted from soil fertility inadequacy was a main limiting factor for the growth and development of apple trees in this region. The results also indicated that, by applying farmyard-manure 24 536 kg/hm^2, N and K_2O 459.86 kg/hm^2, P_2O_5 321.9 kg/hm^2, and supplemental irrigation 35.86 mm, the maximum shoot growth could be gained, and the blossming rate could reach 70.1% in the third year after transplanting.