论司马迁的“一家之言”

THE DISCUSSION ABOUT SIMA QIAN'S ORIGINAL SYSTEM OF THOUGHTS

司马迁创立了一个史家的学派体系而自成“一家之言”,但“一家之言”在历史上曾倍受冷遇。其实,班固批评的“史公三失”恰恰是司马迁的精髓所在:以民为本的政治价值取向、对秩序范畴的挑战、对道德范畴的超越等,尤为可贵的是遵循人性逻辑来理解历史人物——这与他尊“黄老”的学术思想是一以贯之的。这既表现了司马迁思维模式的超前,也体现了中国历史传统的早熟。

s: Sima Qian has invented a historical school of thoughts and evolved an original system of thoughts in the Records of the Grand Historian. It was given the cold shoulder seriously in history. In fact the three defects that were criticized by Bangu are exactly the quintessence of Sima Qian: to choose people as the root in political value, the challenge to the order category, to go beyond the ethics category, to comprehend historic figures according to the humanity natural is especially valuable. All of these are consistent with his 'Huangdi and Laozi' academic thoughts. This not only shows that Sima Qian's historic thoughts surpass his times but also that the Chinese historic traditions are early matured.