论失败的科学革命——兼评科恩的科学革命理论

On the Failed Scientific Revolution and Cohen's Judgment Criterion of Scientific Revolution

在科学史上,我们习惯上把"革命"指称那些已经成功的科学活动。从哲学角度讲"成功"可以理解为:科学发明者或发现者的主观预想与客观实际相符合、相统一。反之,失败就是主观与客观相分离、相背离。失败的科学革命固然令人扼腕叹息,然而,失败是认识发展总链条上的一个不可避免的环节,对失败的科学革命进行哲理上的类型化分析、原因之探究,进而从失败中发现成功的机制,无疑有着重要的认识论价值。

We customarily allege'revolution'as those already successful sciences activity in the science history. From philosophical perspective, 'success' can be understood as: Science inventor or finders of subjective expectancy with conform (unify) with objective practice mutually. On the contrary, the failure is subjective separates (deviate) from objective mutually. The failed scientific revolution is regretful surely. However, failure is regarded as a link of cognition development total chain.By analyzing types of the failed scientific revolution from philosophical standpoint, looking into the causes and then discovers successful mechanism from the failure; It undoubtedly has important epistemological value.