100多年来中国城市空间分布格局的时空演变研究

Research on Spatio-temporal Distribution of Chinese Cities in the Past over 100 Years

文章剖析100多年来中国城市空间分布格局的演变特点、成因,并展望演变趋势。对城市人口密度、非农人口规模、CD值和城市规模结构的综合分析表明,中国城市空间格局具有东密西疏、呈三级阶梯状分布、省际差异大、交通指向明显的特点。这种地带性差异由来已久,是自然环境、政治、经济、社会和外部环境等因素长期综合作用的结果。这些要素在空间上存在很大差异,且要素协同作用时,具有惯性和马太效应,中国未来城市空间格局的差异仍将持续存在,并有可能扩大,东部沿海新城市空间将成为未来城市格局的主体。

The paper looks back the spatio_temporal history of Chinese cities in the past over 100 years. Based on contrastive analysis on much data, the authors analyze the characteristics, causes of formation and future of the distribution of Chinese cities. Through density of urban population, non_rural population, urban density, CD, structure of urban scale and rank, the paper puts forward that three obvious characters exist in the distribution of Chinese cities. Cities are dense in east China, but looser in middle China, and loosest in west China, just like the three ladders of Chinese terrain. The inter_provincial differentia of urban distribution is quite visible, and the gap has been lager and larger. Besides, all cities are inclined to come into being and develop in the sites which are close to main routeways, plains and deltas. The present distribution of cities is the result of synthetically interplaying of entironment, politics, economy, society and exterior environment. Since disparity of all these factors continues, the regional difference among Chinese cities still goes on and will probably get lager. The discrimination of being different phases will turn into more distinct in east, middle and west China. And in the east of China, new urban space forms, such as urban agglomerations, mega_cities, will play the main role in Chinese future urban distribution.