向海湿地生态环境退化机制研究

Study on the Driving Mechanism of Environment Degradation in Xianghai Wetland

向海湿地位于半干旱的吉林西部平原区,生态环境脆弱,在自然和人为驱动影响下,系统结构和功能出现明显的退化趋势,表现为湿地面积缩小、调节功能削弱、区域荒漠化发展迅速。文章通过对向海湿地生态环境背景条件及退化现状的分析,探讨了湿地生态环境退化的机制:自然环境的脆弱性是湿地退化的前提,上游水的大量截流、水利工程设施及土地资源的不合理开发利用触发了湿地退化的过程。通过对退化湿地的脆弱因子分析,指出退化河流湿地的恢复必须从湿地的水文功能出发,考虑水资源的循环和转化,制定水资源综合利用方案及生态技术和生态工程。

Xianghai wetland is located in the semi_arid zone in the west of Jilin province, known as a fragible in eco_environment. Under the natural and artificial influences, the structure and function appear obviously degraded, and the area shrink and the function weaken which result in the rapid desertification. This paper discussed the driving mechanism of the environment degradation based on the presentation of the wetland background. The fragibility of the natural environment is the premise and upstream water interception, irrational land cultivation accelerate the wetland degradation. Based on the analysis about the fragile factors of degraded wetland, a comprehensive water resources management and ecological technology and engineering were put forwards to the degraded wetland reclamation.