福建省工程侵蚀现状及防治对策

Present Erosion Situation of Mining and Construction and Controlling Countermeasures in Fujian Province

为给治理工程侵蚀提供科学依据 ,在GPS和GIS技术的支持下 ,福建省于 2 0 0 2年对因工矿、城建、交通以及其他开发建设项目造成的工程侵蚀进行了调查。结果表明 :2 0 0 2年福建省工程侵蚀点多面广 ,全省共有 4 4 81处存在工程侵蚀 ,侵蚀面积高达 1万 6 6 71 36hm2 ;工程侵蚀用地类型复杂 ,以工矿造成的工程侵蚀为主 ,有 32 96处 ,占 73 5 6 % ;5 9 5 8%工程侵蚀点处于在建状态。引起工程侵蚀的原因 ,主要是开发建设规模不断扩大 ,而大多数业主们水土保持意识淡薄 ,全省水土保持方案编制率仅为 4 5 4 4 % ,没有采取有效的水土保持措施 ,再加上缺乏相应有效的预防监督措施。应采取切实有效的监测技术、加强监督执法力度、增加科研投入 ,探索科学治理措施 ,进行工程侵蚀的防治。

In order to provide scientific basis for controlling Erosion by Mining and Construction(EMC)., the erosion by mining and construction in Fujian province which resulted from industrial construction and mining, town expanding, traffic and others was surveyed based on GPS and GIS in 2002. The results showed that EMC was distributed densely and broadly over the province, that there are 4481 places existing EMC, the total area was 16671.36 hm 2. The most of EMC were caused by industrial construction and mining, which occupied 73.56 percent of the total EMC, which had 3296 places. Moreover, 59.58 percent of the total EMC were under constructing process. The main causes resulting in EMC were that the scale of the exploitation and construction was becoming larger and larger, most of the owners had so apathetic conscience of soil and water conservation that hadn't taken the controlling measures, i.e. the workout ratio of soil and water conservation project was only 45.44 percent, and the practices for preventing land from erosion and executing the laws had not strong enough. Therefore, the practices for controlling EMC were suggested as follow: taking practicable and effective monitoring technology, strengthening supervising and executing the laws, increasing investment for scientific research, probing into scientific harness measures, carrying through prevention of EMC.