利用远缘杂交创造核果类果树新种质的研究 Ⅱ.李、杏远缘杂种胚抢救及杂种鉴定

Creating New Germplasm by Distant Hybridization in Stone FruitsⅡ. Embryo Rescue and Hybrid Identification Between Plum and Apricot

对李、杏远缘杂交杂种胚败育的时期进行了调查,建立了李、杏远缘杂种胚抢救技术体系,并对部分杂种进行了鉴定。结果表明,李、杏杂种胚的败育时期从第3周开始;不同胚龄李、杏杂种胚的萌发及生长不同。PF值>0.5的杂种胚可以萌发及生长,PF值<0.5的幼胚不能正常萌发。在远缘杂种胚抢救技术体系中,杂种胚最佳萌发及分化培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg·L-1+IAA0.3 mg·L-1,胚萌发及分化率达80％,多丛芽诱导及增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.5 mg·L-1+IAA 0.3 mg.L-1,生根培养基为1/2MS+IAA 0.8 mg·L-1。成功地将一批杂种胚培苗移栽到大田;经叶片形态及sallele-specific PCR与RAPD技术对杂种鉴定结果表明,所获杂种为真杂种。

Embryo abortion stage and rescue system of hybrids iwere studied in the distant hybridization between plum and apricot. Identification of the hybrids was also made. The results showed: Embryo abortion started from three weeks after pollination; The germination and growth of embryos were different at different growth stages, which could germinate and grow with PF value>0.5, but can not with PF value<0.5; In embryo rescue system of hybrids, the best germination and differentiation medium was MS + 6-BA 2 mg·L-1 + IAA 0.3 mg·L-1, the rate of germination and differentiation reached up to 80%, buds induction and multiplication medium was MS+ 6-BA 1.5 mg·L-1 + IAA 0.3 mg-L-1, rooting medium was 1/2 MS + IAA 0.8 mg·L-1. Some hybrids were transplanted into the field successfully; Leaf shape investigation and identification by S allele-specific PCR and RAPDs showed that the hybrids were true ones.