从实体自我到关系自我——后现代心理学视野下的自我观

From Substantial Self to Relational Self: On the Views in the Eyes of Postmodern Psychology

现代主流心理学在考察"自我"时,假设了我们每个人都有一个作为精神实体而存在的"我",它是个体存在的核心,统领着我们的一切。后现代心理学对这种实体自我观进行了猛烈批判,认为根本就不存在所谓真实的实体自我。后现代心理学从社会建构主义出发,将自我视为关系的创造物,是我们在与他人的关系中通过语言建构而成。它将自我理解为关系性的、多元的、变化的、去中心的。从现代社会向后现代社会的转变过程中,人们自我意识观的变化要经历策略操作者、混杂人格和关系自我这三个不同的阶段。后现代心理学自我观的提出对我们理解自身、解决自身的心理问题具有重要意义。

The modern mainstream psychology presumes that each of us has an 'I' existing as a spirit substantiality when it explores the 'self'. The 'I', which presides over all, is the core of person. The postmodern psychology criticizes the view of the substantial self and believes that it has no real and substantial 'I'. According to the social constructivism, the postmodern psychology regards the self as the product of relationships, which is socially constructed through language in the relationship between us and others. The postmodern psychology argues that self is relational, multiple, changing and de-centered. These ideas about self are not formed in a day, which are developed through three stages(the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self) during the turn from the modern society to postmodern society. The postmodern psychology's views of self are significant for us to understanding ourselves and solving psychological problems of ourselves. Surely, they inevitably bring us some questions.