语境变化及文化模式对范畴原型理论的影响

Toward the Influence of Context Changes and Cultural Models upon the Theory of Prototypes

从认知学角度来看 ,作为认知主体的人对于认知对象必须进行分类和范畴化。如若没有对千差万别的观念加以范畴化的能力 ,人们就无法理解自己的生活环境 ,亦无法对经验进行处理、构建和储存。范畴化是人类对世界万物进行分类的认知活动 ,也正是在这一活动的基础上人类才具有了形成概念的能力 ,才有了语言符号的能力。范畴化的过程是人的认知赋予世界万物一定结构的一个心理过程 ,是一个复杂模糊而非简单明确的认知过程。范畴边缘模糊性有不同的侧面 ,其中最重要的一面是语境依赖性。范畴的内部结构在很大程度上由我们的认知与文化模式加以组织 ,并随着语境的变化而变化。本文拟从以下三个方面谈谈语境变化及文化模式对范畴原型理论的影响 :原型及其整个内部结构的语境依赖性 ;语境、情景及认知模式 ;

Cognitively,man,the subject of cognition,must classify and categorize the objects.Without the ability of categorization,man cannot understand the living environments around himself and cannot even process,construct,and store what he experienced.Categorization is the cognitive activity to group everything in the world.And it is based on such an activity that we human beings are capable of forming concepts and making language signs possible.Categorization is both a psychological process which is endowed by human cognition with given structures to things in the world and a complex,open_ended and rather indefinite cognitive process.The vague boundary of peripheral members of category is determined by many factors,among which the most important one is context_dependency.The internal categorical structure is to the great extent organized by our cognition and cultural models.And it varies from one context to another.Thus,this paper is intended to expound the influence of context shifts and cultural models upon the theory of prototypes.