《源氏物语》和歌艺术风格论

On the Artistic Style of Wakas in The Tale of Genji

日本的"源学"家们,鲜有将《源氏物语》中的原创和歌作为一个完整的体系加以研究的。但这并不说明《源氏物语》中的原创和歌不能视作一个完整、独立的体系,以其独特的语言与文学形态服务于作品的整体。《源氏物语》中紫式部的原创和歌多达795首,若仿照《古今集》,可将其梳理成春、夏、秋、冬、恋歌、离别、羁旅、庆贺、哀伤、述怀等部别;倘根据和歌在作品中的功能,亦可分为唱和、赠答、独吟三大类;甚至还可以根据吟咏的人物,数量、修辞法分类编纂成集。正因为如此,兹提出将《源氏物语》中的和歌视作一个完整的体系,去探索研究紫式部原创和歌的艺术风格。

Of the numerous researchers and experts of The Tale of Genji, few has tried to study the wakas in it as something independent and integrate. The present paper holds that there are as many as 795 wakas in the Murasakishikibu of the book and they could be classified into such categories as spring, summer, autumn, winter, love song, departure, travel, celebration, distress and personal reflections following the way of division in Kokinsyu. As for the functions, these wakas mainly echo the songs or present with poems or chant individually. The wakas could be well compiled into different volumes on the bases of either the characters chanted or the number of wakes by different authors or the rhetoric devices used. Precisely because of this, the author of the paper deems it imperative to study the artistic style of the mentioned wakas from an integrated approach.