从马克思到邓小平:社会主义发展阶段理论在当代中国的新发展

From Karl Marx to Deng Xiaoping: The Stage Theory of Socialism in Modern China

科学社会主义的创始人马克思、恩格斯和列宁在谈到未来社会发展阶段问题时曾作出过大致的设想和初步的探索。但后来由于种种原因,在社会主义社会发展阶段问题上,苏联和东欧以及中国等社会主义国家较长时期内普遍发生了重大失误。改革开放后,以邓小平为代表的中国共产党人根据马克思主义关于未来社会发展阶段的理论,总结国内外在社会主义发展阶段问题上的经验教训,提出了有中国特色的社会主义初级阶段理论。这一理论是马克思主义未来社会发展阶段理论在当代中国的新发展。

When Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Ilich Lenin, the founders of scientific socialism, discussed the framework of the stage theory of socialism, they proposed the early version of this theory. However, the communists from socialist countries such as the former Soviet Union, some East European countries and China had made many serious mistakes due to an overlook or refusal of this theory. Since the reform and opening policy was implemented to China in the early 1980s, Chinese communists, led by late Deng Xiaoping, analyzed the stage of development of Marxism, reviewed the historical experiences and lessons on the issue of development stage of socialism produced by China and other socialist countries, and finally proposed the primary stage theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This primary stage theory is a new step forward of stage theory of Marxism in China.