金沙江干热河谷区退耕还林适宜造林树种筛选研究

A Study on the Fitting Afforestation Tree Species during Coverting the Land for Forestry in Hot and Arid Valley of Jinsha-river

金沙江干热河谷上段退耕还林区适宜造林树种筛选结果:甜酸角、山毛豆、苏门答腊金合欢、新银合欢、久树、印度黄檀等适宜在海拔1400m以下地带造林,构树、木豆、坡柳、余甘子、川楝等适宜在海拔1600m以下地带造林,山合欢、黑荆树、墨西哥柏、干香柏等适宜在海拔1400～1600m地带造林。木豆、坡柳、山毛豆等可进行直播造林,山合欢、黑荆树、川楝、苏门答腊金合欢、新银合欢、久树等采用百日容器苗造林,甜酸角、墨西哥柏、干香柏、印度黄檀等采用1年生容器大苗造林效果更好。块状整地(规格40cm×40cm×40cm),施有机肥加一定量的N、P肥作基肥,塘底施放高丙体粉防治白蚁危害,于雨季初期择时取苗造林,造林后应防止种植塘积水。造林苗木选用充分木质化的粗大壮苗;造林后和雨季中、后期及时清除种植塘周围杂草。

As a result of trees afforestation experimentation in upside of hot and arid valley of Jinsha River,Broussonetia papyrifera,Cajanus cajan,Dodonaea viscose,Phyllanthus enblica,Melia toosendan were suitabe trees to plant in an area under a elevation of 1 600 m;Albiza kalkora,Acacia mearnsii,Cupressus lusitanica,Cupressus duclouxiana were suitabe trees at elevation between 1 400 m and 1 700 m,Tamarindus indica,Tephrosia candida,Acacia glauca,Leucaena leucocephala cv. Salvador,Schleichera oleosa,Caesalpinia spinosa were suitable trees under 1 400 m.Direct sowing were adopted to plant C.cajan,D.viscose,T.candida.For A.kalkora,A.mearnsii,M.toosendan,A.glauca,L.leucocephala cv. Salvador,S.oleosa,and C.spinosa,100-days-old containerized seedlings were used for afforestation,for T.indica,C.lusitanica,C.duclouxiana,and C.spinosa,1-year-old containerized seedlings had better effect in afforestation.The silvicultural technique included site preparation in blocks (40 m×40 m×40 cm),application of organic manure with N and P fertilizer as basal fertilizer,and planting the trees at the beginning of rainy season.Strong,big and well lignified seedlings should be used in afforestation.It was important to remove weeds during afforestation and rainy season.