沙地樟子松天然分布与引种栽培

Natural distribution of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica on sandy land and its cultivation as an exotic species

樟子松以其抗寒、抗旱和较速生等优良特性成为我国北方干旱、半干旱风沙区防护林和用材林造林的主要树种 ,但自 2 0世纪 90年代以来 ,沙地樟子松人工林出现了不同程度的衰退现象 ;更为严重的是目前我国樟子松人工造林仍在北方干旱、半干旱地区大面积推广 ,因此 ,探明沙地樟子松人工林产生衰退的原因 ,并更好地经营管理该树种人工林 ,对我国北方防护林/人工林建设具有重大意义。本文在广泛收集国内外有关樟子松研究结果的基础上 ,详述了樟子松在我国的天然分布概况 ,对沙地樟子松在引种栽培方面 ,即沙地樟子松的种源区划、种子品质的比较、种子的遗传特性及适应性等研究进展进行了综述 ,提出了在沙地樟子松引种栽培研究中亟待解决的一些问题和建议 ,对今后该树种沙地人工林经营研究具有参考价值。

As a valuable conifer tree species (cold-resistant,drought-resistant and fast-growing tree),P.sylvestris var.mongolica has become a major tree species on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas in “Three north” regions (north,northwest and northeast of China).However,the plantations of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica on sandy land have declined at different degrees since early 1990s.In spite of such situation,P.sylvestris var.mongolica has widely introduced to the sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas in the “Three North” regions.Therefore,it is very important to understand the reasons why the declination of P.sylvestris var.mongolica plantation on sandy land occurred.Based on a wide range of literature collection on P.sylvestris var.mongolica,the distribution of natural stands and the present status of natural resources of P.sylvestris var.mongolica were summarized,and the research progress of cultivation of P.sylvestris var.mongolica on sandy land as an exotic species was reviewed,including the regionalization of provenance,the comparison of seed mass,the heredity characteristic of seed and the adaptability of P.sylvestris var.mongolica on sandy land.Some problems that needed to be solved at present and in the future about the research on cultivation of P.sylvestris var.mongolica on sandy land as an exotic species were also discussed,and suggestions were given.