《莫雷尔法案》的颁布及其对美国农业现代化进程的影响

The Influence of Morril Act on the Process of American Agricultural Modernization

美国国会1862年颁布的《莫雷尔法案》,是美国高等教育史上最重要的教育法令之一。该法案的主要内容为:联邦政府无偿向各州赠拨一定数额的土地,各州须以此土地出售所得资金为资本,开办以讲授农业和机械制造工艺知识为主的专门学院,以满足平民子弟接受高等教育的要求,为产业界培养实用技术人才,进而推动美国经济的发展。《莫雷尔法案》及其随后相关法令的颁布实施,促进了美国农业高等职业技术教育的大发展,为美国农业发展提供了人才保障和智力支持,促进了美国农业经济的飞速发展。

Morril Act issued in 1862 by American Congress was one of the most important educational decree in American higher educational history. The advancer was Morril, a congressman, who was born in a small shopkeeper in Fmont prefecture, built up a family fortune resting on thrifty and hardworking. The main points of Morril Act include the following: federal government renders a great deal of free land to each Prefecture who got money from selling land and set up special school taking agricultrual and mechanic technology as the main knowledge to satisfy the populace need of receiving high education, by which can cultivate pragmatic technicians for the industry world to put forward American economy. The issue of Morril Act and the following correlated decrees promoted higher vocational technological education, supplied American agriculture with talent personel and rapidly developed agricultural economy. There is much good experience in their method that we can make use of in our proceeding reform of higher education.