石羊河流域水资源利用格局变化的水文与环境效应及合理配置

Hydrological and environmental effects on water resources use pattern change and reasonable allocation of water resources in Shiyanghe river basin

内陆河流域由于地表水、地下水资源的多次相互转化以及生态系统完全受水控制的特点,其水资源的合理配置应以生态水文学为基础。本文阐述了石羊河流域的水资源形成特点及其开发利用现状,分析了石羊河流域水资源开发利用(尤其是灌溉农业发展)引起的区域水资源转化与水资源利用格局的变化,以及由此产生的水文与生态环境效应,提出了遵循生态水文学原理的流域水资源合理配置模式,即通过生态的水热平衡原理确定流域合理的绿洲发展规模,在保证生态需水的基础上合理分配上中下游以及社会经济各部门的用水,调整产业结构,节约奢侈的蒸腾耗水,提高用水效率。

The reasonable allocation of water resources in inland water basin should be based on the principle of eco-hydrology, since the transformation of surface water and ground water for many times in a year, and the ecology system is controlled completely by water. Water resources transformation characters and the development status are presented in this paper, and the hydrological and environmental effects of water resources use pattern change is also analyzed. The allocation model of water resources is put up for the river basin, which includes macro-control of oasis development based on estimates of ecosystem water demandes and reasonable water allocation among upper,middle and lower reaches, together with use of saving water and regulated cropping to advance water use efficiency.