晚清“古学复兴”:中国旧学纳入近代新知体系之尝试

The Rejuvenation of the Ancient Learning in the Late Qing Period:An Attempt to Bring the Old Learning into the New Knowlecdge System

章太炎、刘师培等人在清末“保存国粹”、“复兴古学”的过程中 ,开始对中国古代学术进行初步整理 ,肇始了对中国学术遗产进行发掘、梳理、研究和整合之工作。以西方新知、新理、新法整理中国传统旧籍 ,发明中国旧学之新义 ,是晚清学术演进之必然趋势。以新知阐释旧学 ,以中学比附西学 ,以近代学科体系界定中国旧学 ,是晚清学者整理中国旧学之基本思路。正是在对中国传统学术不断进行整理和整合的过程中 ,中国传统学术开始转变其固有形态 。

In the process of “Preserving quintessence of Chinese culture” and “rejuvenating the old learning” in the late Qing period, Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei and other scholars began to preliminarily arrange the Chinese ancient learning, thus starting the job of unearthing, organizing, researching and integrating Chinese academic heritages. Re-organizing Chinese ancient books with Western new knowledge, new theories and new methods, and finding new meanings of the Chinese old learning are the inexorable trend of the late Qing academic evolution. Explaining the old learning with new knowledge, drawing an analogy between the Chinese learning and the Western learning, making definition for the Chinese old learning with modern course system are the basic ideas for late Qing scholars to re-organize the Chinese old learning. It was in the process of continuously re-organizing and integrating the Chinese traditional learning that the Chinese traditional learning began to change its intrinsic pattern and gradually melt in modern Western new knowledge system.