椎基底动脉应用解剖学研究

Applied anatomy of vertebro-basilar artery

[目的 ]观测椎动脉颅内段和基底动脉的行程、主要分支、变异与后 8对脑神经的关系。 [方法 ]35例动脉灌注红色乳胶的头颈标本用 3种不同的方法取出脑干 ,观测椎动脉颅内段 (V4 )和基底动脉 (BA)的行程、管径、重要分支、变异和与后 8对脑神经根的关系。 [结果 ]左右VA粗细明显不同 (直径相差 1 .0 0mm以上 ) 1 1例 ,VA弯曲移位 6例 ,移位的椎动脉可压迫 7～ 1 1对脑神经。大脑后动脉 (PCA)为BA的终支 ,左右PCA近端有时粗细不等。细的一侧有粗大的后交通动脉。后交通动脉左右有明显差别的 5例。 [结论 ]VA和BA主要分支的变异在影像诊断。

Objection] To study origin , diameter, course, main branches and variations of the vertebro-basilar artery and Relationship between the artery and Ⅵ-Ⅻ cranial nerve roots. [Method] Vertebro-basilar artery was studied in 35 cadaveric brains fixed with 10% formalin and injected with red color latex. Brain stems were removed from skull with three methods. [Result] Significant asymmetry of caliber of VA are 11 cases. (outer diameter of one VA being at least 1 mm larger than its counterpart); shifting and curve VA are 6 cases; Ⅵ-Ⅻ cranial nerve roots might be compressed by shifting VA. One VA had a fusiform hole. Five cases of posterior communicating artery were significant greater than their counterpart, which indicated that the posterior cerebral artery originated from internal carotid artery. [Conclusion] Normal and variable vertebro-basial artery have important significance on neurosurgery and angiograms.