建构主义与外交政策分析

Constructivism and Foreign Policy Analysis

虽然肯尼思·沃尔兹一再阐述国际政治理论不是外交政策理论 ,但就宽泛的意义而言 ,新现实主义还是有自己的外交政策理论。自由主义则从国内行为体在利益上的讨价还价来理解国家的对外政策。不过 ,主流理论的理性主义视角遭到了建构主义理论的挑战。建构主义从国际体系的观念分配入手 ,把国家和国际体系的互动结合起来 ,用国际和国内体系的规范和认同概念来考察国家的对外政策。外交政策分析的范式转换为我们认识国家的对外政策提供了新的路径 ,也对理解我国的外交政策具有一定的学理和现实意义。

Although international political theory is not a theory of foreign policy (as reiterated by the neo realist Kenneth N.Waltz),neo realism generally has theoretical ideas about foreign policy.Liberalism approaches the foreign policy of a state from the perspective of the bargaining of interests between domestic actors.Constructivism explores foreign policy by linking norms and identity changes at both the national and international levels.This paradigm shift provides us with a new framework,which sheds light on an understanding of Chinese foreign policy.