鸦片战争后美国在华获得片面最惠国待遇问题探析

Investigating on the Issue that the U.S.Acquired Unilateral Most-favored Nation Treatment after the Opium War

最惠国待遇条款是近代中美关系史上的一项重要条约内容。从1844年中美签订《望厦条约》起,美国即紧随英国之后在华获得了片面最惠国待遇。美国能够获得这项条款,与英国对华谈判的既定立场、清政府对美谈判所持的"一视同仁"方针、美国来华缔约谈判的既定目标,以及英美在谈判过程中的遥相呼应都有关系。而这项条款的措辞,界定了最惠国待遇极广泛的外延解释余地,并且在内容上规定了中国单方面给惠,由此才形成了中国近代史上贻害无穷的广泛的片面无条件最惠国待遇条款。

The most-favored nation treatment item was an important treaty contents of the modern Sino-U.S. Relations history.From signing the Treaty of Wanghia on July 1844,The U.S. followed the U.K. acquiring the unilateral most-favored nation treatment in China.The U.S.'s acquiring the clause was due to the U.K.'s position of negotiation with China,the Qing dynasty's policy of 'treat equally without discrimination' to the U.S.,the U.S.'s goal of negotiation to China,and that both Britain and American echoed each other at the course of negotiation with China.The Expression of the article provided most wide-ranging of the most-favoured-nation treatment,and prescribed unilateral benefit given by China,thus formed the wide-ranging of the unilateral unconditional most-favoured-nation treatment clause which left a legacy of trouble in modern history of China.