对波特竞争战略理论的理性反思及其启示

Rational Reflection on Porter's Competitive Strategy Theory and Revelations of It

波特的竞争战略理论产生于结构化的市场环境 ,以哈佛学派的S -C -P分析范式作为理论支撑。他对战略理论的不朽贡献主要包括 :将经济学理论引入战略研究领域 ;提出了一系列战略制定的分析技巧和工具 ;既重视提出问题又重视解决问题。但是 ,波特的理论也有很多缺陷 :他赖以分析的理论假设与企业所处的实际环境缺乏一致性 ;用以分析行业吸引力的“五力模型”过于简单化 ;通用战略在逻辑上缺乏严密性 ;把企业视为“黑箱”并认为行业内的企业具有同质性 ;

Porter's competitive strategy theory came into being in stable market environment, and took Harvard school's S-C-P paradigm as its theoretic support. Porter's outstanding contributions to strategic theory mainly include three aspects as follows: to introduce economics to strategic study,to bring forward a series of skills and tools for setting down strategies, and to pay more attention to not only putting forward problems but also solving problems. However, Porter's theory also has some defects. First, the theoretic hypotheses on which he depended to analyze problems are lack of consistency with the matter of fact. Second, the five- competitive -force model analyzing industrial structure is simplified.Third, his three general strategies lack of strictness in logic.Forth, his theory neglects studying enterprise itself. Finally, his theory excessively argues that competitive advantage is exogenous.