微胶囊红磷阻燃剂在软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用研究

Application of Micro Encapsulated Red Phosphorus Retandant in Flexible Polyurethane Foam

研究了微胶囊红磷不同包覆、用量、粒度及与其它阻燃剂的协效作用等因素对软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性能、力学性能及抑烟性能的影响。三聚氰胺 -甲醛树脂 /硼酸锌双层囊材包覆微胶囊红磷在聚氨酯中的阻燃性最好 ;3份的微胶囊红磷添加量即可使材料的阻燃性能达UL 94V 0级 ,氧指数 (LOI)从 17.7%上升到 2 8.8% ;在适当的添加量范围内对材料的力学性能影响很小 ;粒径的逐渐减小 ,材料氧指数值逐渐增大 ,阻燃性提高 ,拉伸强度和伸长率随粒径增大而略有降低 ;二元体系中 ,微胶囊红磷 /硼酸锌与微胶囊红磷 /十溴联苯醚复配具有很好的阻燃协效作用 ,协效指数分别为 2 .4和 1.4,三元体系中 ,微胶囊红磷 /硼酸锌 /十溴联苯醚体系有很好的阻燃协效作用 ,协效指数为 1.6,LOI为 3 4.9%。

The effects of content and size of encapsulated red phosphorus on the flame retardancy,smoke suppressing and mechanical properties of soft polyurethane foam were studied.It was found that double encapsulation of melamine resin and zinc borate provided the best flame retardancy.When the particle size of the encapsulated retardant increased,LOI increased but tensile strenght and elongation at break decreased.When its content was 3 phr,UL94 V-0 and 28.8 % LOI can be achieved without decreasing in mechanical properties.The smaller the encapsulated spheres,the better the flame retardancy and mechanical properties.Synergetic effects was observed when combined with other flame retardants.For the binary systems with zinc borate and decabromodiphenyl,the synergetic index were 2.4 and 1.4,respectively.In a ternary system with zinc borate plus decabromodiphenyl,the synergetic index was 1.6,and the LOI reached 34.9 %.