防卫过当概念探微

On the Concept of Over-defense

刑法学界对防卫过当的定义有失科学 ,这源于学者对我国刑法第 2 0条第二款规定的错误解读 ,该规定不是对防卫过当的定义 ,只是对其中构成犯罪的情形做了规定 ;正当防卫的防卫限度条件是“不得超过必要限度造成不应有的损害” ,而不是“不得明显超过必要限度造成重大损害” ;防卫过当既可以构成犯罪 ,也可以是一般违法行为 ,还可以成立意外事件 ,其主观上可以欠缺过错 ;防卫过当可以存在假想防卫中 。

The reason that over-defense defined by criminal law circles is unscientific is that the scholars have a misunderstanding towards the regulation for Article 2 of Item 20. It is not a definition for over-defense but for some circumstances that constitute a crime. The limited condition for legal defense is - 'Should not exceed the necessary limitation to produce improper damages'instead of 'Should not prominently exceed the necessary limitation to produce improper damages'. Over-defense can either constitute a crime, or can be a general act against the law, or can be an unexpected incident without subjective faults. What's more, over-defense can exist in an imaginary defense process to constitute an imaginary over-defense.