材料超塑性研究的现状与发展

Current status and developments in superplastic studies of materials

对20世纪90年代以来国内外超塑性的研究工作进行了介绍和评述。主要介绍了新的超塑材料的开发及超塑性的应用,概述了国内外超塑性研究的最新进展,并对超塑性研究的热点问题进行了评述,重点评述了用超塑成型方法制作大型铝合金汽车零件、用分子动力学模拟超塑变形中的晶界滑动、新材料和纳米材料的超塑性开发及超塑微成形的研究等国内外超塑性研究的新进展。展望了超塑性的发展趋势,指出应开发材料的低温或高速超塑性,重视超塑性流动过程的理论研究,进一步拓展超塑性的应用领域。

The major research work in the field of superplasticity of materials since 1990s in the last century has been introduced and commented. The developments of new superplastic materials, transformation superplasticity and applications of superplastic forming are introduced , the newest progresses are summarized and the subjects with common interests are discussed. The main new developments in the field of superplasticity such as the manufacture of large scale aluminium parts in automobiles, simulation of grain boundary sliding by molecular dynamics, developments of new and nano-scale materials and superplastic microforming are all emphasized. The developing trends of superplasticity are forecasted and it is clarified that the future work should be carried out in the aspects of developing low temperature and high speed superplasticity, investigating superplastic flow theoretically and enlarging the application of superplastic forming.