苗族药物的类别和命名

The Miao Medicine's Category and Nomenclature

目的 :研究苗族药物的类别和命名方法。方法 :以黔东南苗族侗族自治州苗族常用的 718种药物名称为分析研究对象 ,以《苗汉词典·黔东方言》为语音及书写标准 ,用汉语释义 ,进行苗族药物命名的研究。结果 :苗族药物有植物药、动物药、矿物药、古生物药 ,植物药可分为 :“菜”类、“果”类、“树”类、“药”类等 ;苗族依据药物的形态或器官或其他相关的特征给药物命名 ,命名方法有 3种 :1、“苗语名词“Jab” +特征性词或词组”构成完整苗族药名 ,2、“类别词或药用部位名称词 +特征性词或词组”构成完整苗族药名 ,3、“物质名称词 +特征性词或词组”构成完整苗族药名。结论 :苗族药物命名的特点是 :“药物名称具体、生动、易懂、易记 ,很适宜以语言方式传承” ,具有显著的苗族医药文化特色 ,分析研究结果反映了苗族药物命名方法的一般规律。

Objective:To study the medicine' s category and nomenclature.Method:withQiandongnan MIAO-DONG Autonomous Minority nationality Prefecture Miao nationality 718 species medicine name most in use as analyze research object,with the Miao-Chinese dictionary Qian East dialect as pronunciation and writing standard, use Chinese language translate and annotate Miao nationality medicine name,proceeding research,of Miao nationality medicine nomenclature.Result:the Miao nationality medicine include plant medicine,animal medicine,mineral medicine, ancient organisms fossil medicine,plant medicine can be divided into vegetables, fruitage,tree,medicine category,etc.the Miao names medicine according to appearance or organ or else interrelated characteristic,nomenclature has three ways:1:the Miao language noun“Jab(free translation is medicine)”+characteristic word or or word group of constitute complete Miao nationality medicine name,2:“category name word or medicine use position name word +characteristic word or word group”of constitute complete Miao nationality medicine name.3:“name of matter + characteristic word or word group” of constitute complete Miao nationality medicine name.Conclusion:Characteristics of the Miao medicine name is“medicine name is concrete,vivid,easily remember,suitability only by language dissemination and inheritance”,it possess obvious feature of the Miao nationality medicine culture. Analysis the research consequently reflected Miao nationality general pattern of medicine nomenclature.