低出生体重儿体格发育及其影响因素分析

Physical development status of the low birth weight babies and its related factors

【目的】 了解低出生体重儿 1岁、2岁时体格发育状况及其影响因素。 【方法】 对低出生体重儿出生后 11～ 13个月、2 3～ 2 5个月时进行随访 ,测定其体格发育指标 ,并与正常对照儿进行比较。询问幼儿出生后 4个月内主要喂养方式、辅食添加及断奶时间、平时主要看护方式、父母的职业和文化程度等 ,并进行逐步回归分析。 【结果】 1岁时低出生体重儿身高、体重、头围、胸围等指标均低于对照组 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,2岁时低出生体重儿身高、坐高、体重等指标低于对照组 ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。逐步回归分析显示 ,与儿童体格发育指标呈显著性相关的因素是 :儿童的年龄、性别、出生孕周、是否低出生体重儿、父母亲文化水平及喂养方式等。 【结论】 低出生体重儿 1岁及 2岁时体格发育均落后于正常对照儿 ,儿童体格发育水平受多种因素的影响。

Objective To investigate the physical development status and its related factors of low birth weight babies aged 1 and 2 years old. The physical development parameters of low birth weight babies were measured and compared with those of normal controls prospectively at 11 to 13 and 23 to 25 months of age. Feeding way before 4 months of age, the time of adding complementary food, the time of stopping breastfeeding , nursing way, profession and education of parents were investigated, and a stepwise regression was used to analyze the factors related to the physical development. The height, body weight ,head circumference, chest circumference of the low birth weight babies at 1 year of age , and the height ,body weight ,sitting height at 2 years old were significantly lower than those of the normal controls (P<0.001). All physical development parameters were significantly related to age, sex ,gestational weeks,low birth weigh, education of parents and feeding way by the stepwise regression analysis. [Conclusion] The physical development status of the low birth weight babies at 1 and 2 years old are inferior to the normal controls, the children’s physical development status is affected by various factors.