山茶科系统发育诠释——Ⅲ.关于金花茶组及山茶属演化若干问题

ANNOTATION OF PHYLOGENY IN THE FAMILY THEACEAE A REVIEW OF CAMELLIA SECT. CHRYSANTHA CHANG AND EVOLUTION OF GENUS CAMELLIA

作者通过比较认为山茶属金花茶组的模式和古茶组的模式不是同一分类单位,因而取消金花茶组是不恰当的。金花茶组是一个自然的集合体。作者详细地分析了山茶属内演化的四个阶段:第一阶段表现为苞被不分化、大型、宿存、子房5室、心皮部分分离;第二阶段演化出苞被宿存和苞被脱落两个类群,前者较为原始的代表是离蕊茶织和短蕊茶组,较为进化的代表是管蕊茶组;后者较为原始的代表是半宿萼茶组、瘤果茶组、糙果茶组,较为进化的代表是油茶组、短柱茶组、红山茶组;第三阶段是苞被分化为小苞片和萼片的类群,金花茶组和长柄茶组是较为原始而茶组、超长柄茶组则是较为进化的代表;第四阶段的连蕊茶组和毛蕊茶组苞萼小型化且宿存,的代表,雌、雄蕊均高度连合,子房室不完全发育 它们只能由第三阶段具有多数小苞片的原始类群发展出来,认为把山茶属划分为四个亚属的系统是合理的。 作者还认为,花的颜色以及其他相似性状的集合是划分山茶属次级分类单位的重要依据;分类系统的自然性和实用性相结合是分类学家始终应该追随的目标,混淆不同差异的做法是不可取的。最后,作者认为山茶属没有真正的顶生花。

The character of Camellia nitidissima Chi, the type of Sect. ChrysanthaChang is differed from that of C. petelotii (Merr.) Sealy, the type of Sect. Arche-camellia Sealy by many aspects: the verrucose dotted on the back of its leayes,the number of its bracteoles, and the indumentum on the back or face of itsperianth, so that Sect. Chrysantha Chang is a distinguished natural section.Four stages of evolution in Comellia are analysed in detail: in the first stage, theperules are not differentiated into bractlets and sepals and are large and persistent,the ovaries are 5-locular and the carpels are partly dicnitst; in species of the secondstage, two groups, i. e. the group of persistent perules and the group of deciduousperules after blooming, are evoluted. In the former group, Sect. Corollina Sealy andSect. Brachyandra Chang are more primitive, and Sect. Calpandria (Bl.) Cohen- Stuart is more advanced; in the later group, Sect. Pseudocamellia Sealy, Sect.Tuberculata Chang and Sect. Furfurceea Chang are more primitive, and OleiferaChang. Sect. Paracamellia Sealy and Sect. Camellia are more advanced. In thethird stage, the perules are differentiated into bractlets and sepals. Sect. Chry-santha Chang and Sect. Longipedicellata Chang are more primitive, and Sect. Thea(L.) Dyer and Sect. Longissima Chang are more advanced; lastly, in the fourthstage represented by Sect. Theopsis Cohen-Stuart and Sect. Eriandria Cohen-Stuart,the bractlets and sepals have become smaller and persistent, pistil and stamenhighly united, the locules of their ovaries are not completely developed. The syste-matic of Chang's four subgenera of Camellia is reasonable. The author also confirms that the subdivissions of Camellia would have based onthe color of flowers and other characteristics but they are not absolute. To mix upthe different characteristics only must have increased confusion. And the authordoesn't agree with the definition of possessing terminal flowers and arched lateralveins in Camellia and thinks there is not true terminal flowers as Magnolia andManglietia (Magnoliaceae).