柴油微乳液的配制与应用

Preparation and Application of Diesel Microemulsion

以油酸、亚油酸为主表面活性剂,使用各种醇作助剂,制备了柴油微乳液,并对其增溶水量的各种影响因素进行了系统的研究。结果表明,氨水、醇及无机盐均对增溶水量有着非常显著的影响。氨水对油酸有一最佳中和值,在此值增溶水量最大。碳链长度适中的醇增溶水量较大,正丁醇是各种助剂中效果最好的。加入适量无机盐能大幅度提高增溶水量。复配表面活性剂优于单一表面活性剂,阴、阳离子表面活性剂复配,在一定的范围内能够发挥协同作用,达到最佳效果。从理论上分析了氨和醇在微乳液形成中的作用机理,无机盐对微乳液增溶水的促进作用机理,阴、阳离子表面活性剂复配机理。通过实验配制出了微乳柴油浓缩液,并且探讨了进行工业应用的方法和思路。

The formation of water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion with a water phase and diesel oil as the oil phase, and with the cationic surfactant oleinic acid or linoleinic acid and alcoholic cosurfactant, has been examined. The various factors that influence the amount of water added were studied. The experimental result shows that the quantity of ammonia and alcohol, the alcoholic cosurfactant chain length and the concentration of the inorganic salt have a substantial effect on the formation of the microemulsion and the amount of water added. The neutralization value of ammonia to oleinic acid has an optimum value at which the amount of solubilization water has a maximum. The alcohols that have moderate carbon chain length can achieve much more amount of solubilization water. Among these alcohols, butanol has the best effect. The addition of certain amount of inorganic salt can increase the amount of water added. The mixed surfactant is superior to the single surfactant and there exists an optimum proportion. The amount of surfactant added could be decreased considerablely by mixing the cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant together in a certain range of proportion. The action of ammonia, alcohol and inorganic salt in the formation of the microemulsion was explained theoretically. The mechanism of interaction between the cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant was depicted in detail. The condensed diesel microemulsion was made up and the method of the industrial application was discussed.