慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染者医疗服务利用与费用分析

Chronic hepatitis B virus infectors' use of medical services and the expenses incurred

目的 了解慢性乙型肝炎、肝炎后肝硬化和肝癌患者的医疗服务利用情况及费用构成。方法 调查了上海市自费和享有社会医疗保险的 1395例患者 ,门诊和住院的利用情况及详细费用 ,并分析其医疗费用构成和年直接医疗费用。结果 在门诊和住院利用方面 ,自费组和社会医保组差异无显著意义 ;在医疗费用方面 ,社会医疗保险组比自费组增加了 30 %～ 5 0 % ;门诊费用构成分析发现 ,药品费用达 80 %以上 ,检查化验费达 15 %以上 ;分析住院费用构成 ,两组的药品费皆占总费用的 4 5 %～ 6 0 % ,检查化验费为 15 %～ 2 5 %。结论 社会医疗保险减轻了患者个人的经济负担 ,但显著增加了治疗费用。控制医疗费用的增长关键是控制乙肝向肝硬化转化及控制住院药品费用和检查化验费的不合理增长。

Objective To assess the use of medical services by patients with chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis, or hepatic carcinoma and the composition of the expenses incurred. Methods A survey was made on the use of outpatient and inpatient services as well as the details of medical expenses incurred by 1 395 self-funded patients and patients enjoying social medical insurance in Shanghai. And an analysis was made on the composition of the expenses and direct medical expenses per annum. Results There was no significant difference between the self-funded group and the insurance group in the use of outpatient and inpatient services; in terms of medical expenses, those incurred by the insurance group were 30% to 50% higher than those incurred by the self-funded group; an analysis on the composition of outpatient expenses showed that drug expenses accounted for over 80% and examination and test expenses accounted for over 15%; an analysis on the composition of inpatient expenses showed that drug expenses incurred by the two groups both accounted for 45% to 60% of the total expenses and examination and test expenses accounted for 15% to 25%. Conclusion Social medical insurance reduces the economic burden of individual patients but significantly raises treatment expenses. The key to containing the rise of medical expenses lies in controlling the conversion of hepatitis B to cirrhosis and the irrational growth of inpatient drug expenses and examination and test expenses.