北京市老年人卫生服务需求研究

Research on the health care needs of the elderly in Beijing

目的 了解北京地区老年人的健康现状及卫生服务需求 ,为政府及相关部门制定老年人保健政策和有针对性地开展老年人卫生服务提供依据。方法 抽样调查北京不同地区 (城区、城乡结合部、郊区农村 ) 6 0岁及以上老年人群 2 4 87人。调查内容涉及老年人的健康状况 ,医疗、护理、康复及保健需求 ,以及社区卫生服务。分析不同地区及人群的老年人健康现状与卫生服务需求的差异。结果 慢性病是老年人的主要卫生问题 ,罹患的前 4种慢性病是高血压、冠心病、骨关节病、脑血管病 ,糖尿病患病率增加较快。约 10 %的老人躯体功能有障碍 ,日常生活能力下降 ,生活需要他人帮助。老年人增多对医疗及护理照料服务的需求量增大。社区卫生服务的优势日益显出 ,得到老年人的认可。经济困难是影响老年人就医行为的主要原因。结论 老年人群是健康的弱势群体 ,随着人口老龄化 ,老年人卫生服务的需求增加。健康是影响老年人生活质量的重要因素 ,大力加强慢性病的防治应列为老年保健的中心任务 ,也是提高老年人生活质量的关键。

Objective To find out about the current health situation of the elderly in the Beijing area and their health care needs so as to provide basis for the formulation of health care policies for the elderly by the government and relevant departments and for the development of health care programs for the elderly in accordance with their needs. Methods A sample survey, covering such topics as the health situation, medical treatment, nursing, rehabilitation and health care needs of the elderly and community health service, was made of 2 487 elderly people aged 60 and above in different parts of Beijing, including the city proper, the part linking city and country, and the suburbs. An analysis was then made of the difference in the health situation and health care needs of the elderly between various parts and populations. Results Chronic diseases constituted the major health problem for the elderly, with hypertension, coronary heart disease, osteoarthrosis, and cerebrovascular disease ranking in the first four places and the incidence of diabetes increasing rapidly. About 10 percent of the elderly, who suffered from somatic dysfunction, had reduced daily life skills and needed assistance from others. An increased number of elderly people also meant a greater demand for medical and nursing services. Community health service, the advantages of which bacame increasingly manifest, was thus popular with the elderly. Financial difficulty was the chief factor affecting the elderly in their seeking medical service. Conclusion The elderly is a weak population in health. With the aging of the general population, the health care needs of the elderly are on the rise. As health is the major factor affecting the life quality of the elderly, enhanced efforts in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases ought to be taken as the central task in the health care of the elderly. They are also the key to improving the life quality of the elderly.