溶胶-凝胶技术制备材料的进展

DEVELOPMENT OF SOL-GEL TECHNOLOGY

本文总结了溶胶-凝胶技术发展阶段,评述了不同溶胶-凝胶过程机制特征。着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶技术在制备块状、纤维、薄膜与涂层、粉末和复合材料方面目前的发展状况。

The recent history of development of sol-gel techniques is reviewed. Based on mechanism of solgel process, three kinds of sol-gel processes are suggested: classical colloidal, inorganic polymeric and complexing methods. Characteristics and current basic research of each method are given. State-of-art of application of solgel technique in preparation of monolith, film or coating, fiber, powder and composite is described in detail. Through sol-gel process, the following materials have been succesfully synthesed: high quality optical lense of large-siae SiO_2 glass, gradient index optical materials, various functional or optical films or coatings, nonlinear optical materials, inorgenic-orgenic composites, reinforced composites and monodispersive powder, and commercial ceramic or glass fibers. The enormous potential of the process is not fully exploited at present, and the process marches on with strong impetus towards the 21th century to meet the requirements of high technology progress.