血小板冻干保存的研究进展

Progress of Research on Lyophilized-Preservation of Platelets——Review

冻干是保存血小板最理想的方法 ,能常温保存、占用空间小、重量轻和便于运输等 ,可解决目前血小板保存和运输方面存在的局限性问题。然而冻干除引起血小板膜结构损伤、蛋白质变性甚至死亡之外 ,还可致血小板激活损伤 ,冻干所致的血小板激活与膜通道脂质发生相变有关。针对损伤机制应用各种保护剂可减少冻干损伤 ,目前已有研究通过海藻糖的载入 ,在实验室成功地进行了血小板的冻干保存 ,冻干再水化后血小板仍具有正常生理功能和存活能力。这些研究结果表明血小板的冻干保存可应用于将来的血库和临床输血。本文综述了冷冻干燥对血小板损伤作用、保护剂在血小板冷干研究中的应用及血小板冻干保存的实验研究。

Lyophilization is the best preservation of platelets at present. Lyophilized platelets could be stored in circumstance temperature,small space and be transported with portability,but lyophilizing may damage platelet membrane,denature protein and induce platelet activation. The chain of events including freezing and drying that lead to activation are related to the phase trasition of platelet membrane lipid. Application of protectants in accordance with damage mechanism of lyophilization could alleviate the damnification. Human platelets can be preserved using lyophilization successfully in the presence of trehalose in laboratory presently,that retains normal functions and activities after rehydration. These findings suggest that the application of lyophilized platelets in transfusion medicine will be carried out in future. In this paper damage effect of lyophilization on platelets,application of cryoprotectants in the platelet lyophilization and experimantal studies on platelet cryopreseration were reviewed.