随机需求下供应链库存协调策略研究

Research on Inventory Coordination Strategy in Supply Chain under Random Demand

在随机需求下,库存决策的核心是对库存积压风险与缺货风险的权衡。随着企业承担的库存风险大小的改变,企业会做出不同的决策,从而影响供应链的总收益。首先分析供应链无合作时,采购商独自承担全部库存风险的情况下,其订货决策模型,导出最优订货量计算公式;然后分析在可调数量策略下,供应商分担部分库存风险时,供需双方的利润模型,在此基础上得出供应链Pareto优化模型;最后通过算例说明库存风险分担策略在供应链库存协调中是有效的。市场需求波动越大,供需双方及整个供应链从库存风险分担策略中获得的收益越大。

Under random demand, the core of inventory decision-making is tradeoff between overstock risk and out-stock (risk.) With the inventory risk changed, enterprises would make different inventory decision, and the gross income of supply chain would be changed. Firstly, the order decision models are analyzed and the optimal order quantity is derived under the circumstance of buyer bearing all inventory risk. Then the paper discusses the profit models of supplier and buyer under (adjustable-quantity) strategy in which the supplier partakes part of inventory risk, and based on these, presents the Pareto (optimization) model of supply chain. Finally, a numerical example illustrates that the inventory risk partaking strategy is (valid) in inventory coordination in supply chain. The bigger demand fluctuation, the more benefits obtained by both parties and whole supply chain from the inventory risk partaking strategy.