汉字识别中形旁亚词汇加工的发展研究

Developmental Research on Sublexical Processing in Chinese Character Recognition

本研究利用语义相关判断 ,探讨儿童和成年人在汉字加工中是否存在形旁的语义激活。目标字是语义透明的合体字 (如“姐”) ;启动字选用两种与目标字语义无关的字 ,一种是共用形旁但语义不透明的合体字 (如“始”) ,一种是在频率、笔画等方面和共用形旁字匹配的无关控制字 (如“收”)。结果发现与无关控制字相比 ,儿童和成年人在共用形旁字上的“NO”反应得到了延迟 ,说明形旁可能被分解加工 ,其语义被激活。而且不同年级儿童和成年人的效应量不同 ,表明形旁的自动分解和语义激活可能存在着一个从非自动化到自动化的发展过程。与前人的诸多研究相结合 ,说明儿童和成年人对汉字的加工一样 ,是亚词汇与词汇加工并行进行的过程。

Using a semantic judgment task,we discussed the semantic activation of the radical component in Chinese character recognition.In our experiment,pairs of characters were presented consecutively.Two types of semantically unrelated cueing characters preceded a target,which was a compound character with transparent semantic radical.One type of the cueing character was a character sharing the same radical with the target and was the critical cue.The other is an unrelated control character matching with the critical one in many aspects including frequency and numbers of stroke.It was found that compared with the control character,the“no' response to the critical one has been delayed and also there is a grade difference in the effect of discrepancy.This finding was discussed in the theoretic framework of sublexical and lexical processing in a developmental view.