萨特在人的发展问题上的“责任”困境

The Consciousness of "Responsibility" in Sartre's Problem of Development of Human Being

在萨特的人学理论中,“自由”无疑是一个最重要的范畴。存在就是自由,自由的绝对性使得它成为一切事物及其自身的根据。然而,为了保证人的发展的合理性,在高扬了自由之后,萨特力图在最后解决的却一直是“自由”与“责任” 的统一,这样,萨特将自己陷于一个无从解脱的困境之中:由于绝对自由论的前提,他所倡导的对自己、对他人,乃至对世界的“责任”,最后却成了人们逃避责任的一种托辞。

In Sartre's theory of humanism, freedom is undoubtedly the most important category. Existence is freedom, and the absoluteness of freedom enables it to become basis of everything and itself. Nevertheless , to ensure the rationality of human progress, what Sartre makes an attempt to settle is unification of freedom and responsibility in wake of highly praising the position of freedom. Thus, Sartre gets himself involved in unavoidable dilemmas. Due to the premise of absolute freedom, the responsibility he keeps advocating to oneself, others and even the whole world finally becomes an excuse which people often use to evade responsibility.