论马克思主义哲学对旧唯物主义的超越

On Marxist Philosophy Surpassing the Old Materialism

旧唯物主义的根本缺点是离开社会实践 ,把自然界和人仅看作感性直观的对象 ,并在历史观上陷于唯心主义。 184 5年到 184 6年 ,马克思和恩格斯制定了科学的实践范畴 ,用实践性原则代替了直观性原则 ,用“感性的活动”代替了“感性的对象” ,用唯物史观代替了唯心史观 ,从而实现了对旧唯物主义的超越。

The chief shortcoming of the old materialism is its nature of intuition.Isolated from social practice,Nature and Man were regarded as the objecets of perceptual intuition by the old materialism,which fell into the idealism in the conception of history.From 1845 to 1846,Marx and Engels made the scientific category of practice and surpassed the old materialism with the principle of practice taking the place of the principle of intuiton,“the perceptual activity” taking the place of “the perceptual object”,the materialist conception of history taking the place of the idealist one.The essence of its surpassing is of the practical materialism instead of the intuitional materialism.