教育是崇高的公益性事业——兼论教育产业化、市场化之不能成立

A Noble Public-welfare Cause——Education

从我国建国以来的教育发展过程和西欧的教育发展史中总结出教育的两个基本属性 ,即教育的公益性和教育的产业性 ,这两种属性既互相依存又互相制约 ,教育的产业性制约着教育公益性的实现程度 ,教育的公益性使教育成为一种有别于其他产业的特殊产业 ,它不容许教育成为以营利为目的的企业 ,不容许教育产业化、市场化 ,教育是具有产业性的公益性事业或者说教育是具有公益性的特殊产业 ,教师的教育服务从总体上和主体上说 ,它不是商品 ,师生关系不是商品买卖关系 ,在非义务教育阶段学生交费上学只是支付了部分杂费 ,教师的工资不是在学费中支付的 ,而是由政府财政拨款或社会公益金支付的。当前教育界出现的高收费、多收费现象源于教育产业化、市场化的误导 。

This paper,based on the developing course of our education since the foundation of P.R.C. and the development of the West European education,reaches two basic prinliples of education the public welfare property and the industrial property.These two properties of education rely on but restrict each other.Its industrial property restricts the extent to which education realizes its public welfare,while its public welfare property distincts itself from other industries,making it a special industry which can't bear the feature of aiming at making profits and is not permitted to be industrial and marketing.Education is a public welfare with the industrial property,or ,a special industry of the public welfare.The educational services offered by teachers are,as a whole,not commodities,and the interrelation between the teacher and the student is not a sale and purchase relation as the commodity holds.In a compulsory education,the fee paid by students covers only part of expenditures,and the teacher's salary is not based on the tuiton paid by the students but paid by the government or the public welfare funds.At present,there occurs a phenomenon in the educational field that schools charge high or excessive tuitions,which is actually misled by making the education industrial and marketing.Efforts should be made to eliminate its harmful influence.