油气生成过程实验研究的思考与展望

EXPERIMENTS ON PETROLEUM GENERATION -CONSIDERATIONS AND OUTLOOK

油气生成过程的研究是以热解实验为基础、动力学研究为工具、紧密结合盆地地质条件的系统研究方法。在总结现有研究成果的基础上,作者认为:1)加水热解适于模拟石油生成,限定体系热解可以很好地模拟石油与天然气生成/裂解实验体系,可进行含水热解实验;2)半封闭的幕式排烃热解设备尚待开发;3)压力对有机质成熟和生烃/原油裂解均有一定影响,但压力下二者的演化进程可能并不同步;4)以单一升温速率为基础的动力学研究将不被国内外同行认可;5)有压力的生烃、同位素演化动力学模型值得进一步研究;6)由于水的存在,除了水溶性催化剂外,大多数地质催化剂对生烃的影响可能并不显著,但对油气在储层中的裂解可能有作用;7)天然气的成分、同位素变化与聚集史密切相关,应给予足够的重视;8)无机质以及加水热解动力学研究、非烃气体生成与同位素演化的动力学具有潜在的科学研究价值。

The study of petroleum generation, based on pyrolysis experiments and by means of reaction kinetics, is a systematical method combined closely with geologic conditions. Based on the summarization of present works on pyrolysis and kinetics, the outlook and prospects were discussed in this paper, and some conclusions and aspects worthy to further studies were proposed: 1) up to date, hydrous pyrolysis was one of the best technique for simulating oil formation, and the confined system pyrolysis was still an excellent experiment technique of oil and gas generation / cracking and can be used to carry out hydrous pyrolysis experiments; 2) the pyrolysis equipment with the episodic expulsion of hydrocarbon remained to be deve-loped; 3) it was sure that pressure affected organic matter maturation, hydrocarbon generation and oil cracking, but the effects were possibly different ; 4) the kinetic study based on the pyrolysis experiments at single heating rate would not be accepted in the future; 5) the kinetic models with the effects of pressure, including hydrocarbon generation and stable isotopic modelling, were expected in further studies; 6) most geologic catalysts, except water-soluble, had few influences on oil and gas formation, but they possibly affected petroleum cracking in reservoirs; 7) natural gas components and isotopic composition were closely related to accumulation history, to which much attention was expected to pay; 8) the study of inorganic matter and its hydrous pyrolysis and the kinetics of non-hydrocarbon gas generation and isotopic evolution were of potential values for scientific research.