内斜位X线片显示股骨距影像特征及其临床意义

Radiological anatomical study of femoral calcar on medial oblique X-ray film

目的:研究内斜位X线片上股骨距的形态特征,探讨内斜位片显示股骨距的临床意义。方法:用成人干燥股骨标本143根,进行内斜位拍片,对股骨距影像进行测量分析,根据其特点进行分型。结果:在内斜45°X线片均观察到完整股骨距影像(100%),主要由线形的致密的皮质骨和密集的松质骨小梁组成。股骨距长度INL为(4.36±0.46、)cm。股骨距分为:弧线型,29.5％(42例);骨小梁型,21.6％(31例);断线型,27.3％(39例);融合型,21.6％(31例)。结论:内斜45°X线片显示股骨距影像清晰恒定。股骨距是股骨颈干交界后内侧重要的支撑结构,股骨上段疾病患者应常规加拍内斜位X线片,观察股骨距变化,决定诊疗方案。

Objective: To study the morphology of the femoral calcar on 45 degree oblique X-ray films and to evaluate the importance of this image technology in clinical practice. Methods: The roentgenographs on 45 degree medial oblique were performed in 143 dry thighbones, while the images of femoral calcar were measured to perform the statistical analysis and grouped by its characteristics. Results: The images of the whole femoral calcar were observed in all films, which were composed of cortex and bone trabeculae. The femoral calcar were divided into four groups based on their images: current type (29.5%), bone trabecular type (21.6%), break curve type(27.3%) and melt type (21.6%). Conclusions: The femoral calcar is the true femoral neck. It can be shown clearly and completely in the 45 degree medial oblique x-ray film .It is essential for patients suffered from the hip disease to take the 45 degree oblique radiograph of the upper part of thighbone.