腮腺区面神经的解剖及临床意义

Anatomy of facial nerve in parotid region and its clinical significance

目的:为腮腺区手术提供解剖学基础。方法:在25具50侧经防腐处理的完整头部标本上观测面神经干的长度、横径以及各个分支再分支前长度和各个分支的解剖特点。结果:颞支横径为(1.1±0.2)mm,分支有(1.7±0.8)支;颧支横径为(1.8±0.3)mm,分支有(1.6±0.6)支,位置恒定;颊支有上下颊支型、融为一支型和一支再分型3种类型,上下颊支多位于距腮腺导管上下0.5cm以内的浅层;下颌缘支横径为(1.2±0.4)mm;颈支横径为(0.9±0.2)mm,走行长度为(2.3±0.3)cm,分支有(1.1±0.4)支。结论:面神经与腮腺区关系密切,腮腺区手术时循颊支向后追踪面神经是比较安全有效的方法。

Objective : To provide the anatomic basis for the operation on parotid region. Methods: The lengths and widths of facial nerve and its branches, and the anatomic features of its branches were observed on 25 adult cadaveric specimens. Results: The width of the temporal branches was 1.1±0.2 mm and its branches quantities were 1.7±0.8. The width of the zygomatic branches was 1.8±0.3 mm, and its branches quantities were 1.6±0.6 with consistent location. The buccal branches were divided into three patterns: upper-and-lower branch pattern, branch-combined pattern and branch-divided pattern. The upper-and-lower buccal branches were located in the superficial layer within 0.5cm above and under the parotid duct. The width of the marginal mandibular branches was l .2±0.4 mm.The width and length of the cervical branches were 0.9±0.2 mm and 23.0±0.33 mm respectively, and their branches quantities were 1.1±0.4. Conclusions: The anatomic relationship between the facial nerve and parotid region is close. It is a safer and more effective way to perform operation on parotid region by tracking facial nerve along buccal branches backwards.