生态条件和制种期对棉花杂交种质量的影响

Effects of Ecological Conditions and Crossing Periods on the Quality of Hybrid Cotton Seed

以鲁棉研15的父母本为材料,于2002-2003年对山东3个生态区不同制种期所产杂交种的品质进行了研究。两年平均结果表明,同一生态区的健子率、发芽率、脂肪和蛋白质的绝对含量随结铃时间的推迟而降低。鲁西南生态区的健子率、发芽率、脂肪和蛋白质的绝对含量均高于鲁西北,鲁西北高于鲁北。生态区和制种时间对杂交种品质的互作效应显著。健子率与发芽率极显著正相关,未见脂肪和蛋白质的百分含量与发芽率的相关关系,但脂肪和蛋白质的绝对含量与发芽率分别呈极显著和显著正相关,脂肪和蛋白质百分含量之间呈显著负相关。基于提高杂交种的品质考虑,山东杂交制种基地应该南移,并适当提前制种截止日。

Using the parent lines of SCRC15, the effects of crossing periods and ecological conditions on hybrid seed quality were studied in Shandong in 2002 and 2003. Average results indicated that seed maturity, percentage of germination, absolute content of fat and protein in seed kernels decreased as crossing period progresses in the same ecological area. Averaged across crossing periods,seed maturity, germination percentage, absolute content of fat and protein in seed kernels harvested in either the southwest or northwest of Shandong were much higher than those in the north of Shandong. There occurred significant interaction effects between ecological area and crossing period on seed quality. Significant correlation ((r=0.9128)^(**)) between seed maturity germination and percentage was detected. Neither relative fat content nor protein content in seed kernels was correlated to germination percentage, while the absolute content of fat and protein was correlated to seed germination significantly (r=(0.8985^(**))for fat, r=0.6028~* for protein). It was also found that relative fat content was negatively correlated to that of protein (r=-0.6124~*). Shifting production base to the south of Shandong and ending crossing earlier might be beneficial to improving hybrid quality.