广州市白云山雀形目鸟体内汞、砷与硒残留分析

Mercury, arsenic and selenium residual levels in tissues of several species of Passeriformes in Baiyushan, Guangzhou, China

测定了广州市白云山白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops japonicus)、大山雀(Parus major)和白眉鵐(Emberiza tristrami )飞羽、胸肌和肝脏中的汞、砷和硒残留量。汞和砷在鸟体内残留量的分布模式都是,羽毛>肝脏>肌肉;而硒在鸟体内残留量的分布模式是肝脏>肌肉>羽毛,与汞和砷的分布模式不同。鸟组织中的汞质量分数存在种间差异,但不同组织间差异程度不同,白眉鵐肝脏、肌肉中的汞质量分数极显著(或显著)高于暗绿绣眼鸟肝脏、肌肉中的汞质量分数,而2种鸟羽毛中的汞质量分数没有显著差异。鸟组织中砷和硒质量分数的种间差异不明显。羽毛对汞有高的富集作用,用羽毛监测环境中的汞污染比用肝脏和肌肉监测环境中的汞污染更灵敏。在鸟组织中,汞质量分数、砷质量分数和硒质量分数间的相关性较差,只有白眉鵐羽毛中的汞质量分数与硒质量分数存在显著相关性,其回归方程为Y汞=0.657X硒-0.237(p=0.025)。几个地区鸟组织中汞、砷和硒的质量分数的比较表明,广州市白云山受重金属和硒污染程度较低。

Live Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus), Great Tit (Parus major) and Tris-trams Bunting (Emberiza tristrami ) were collected at Baiyushan, Guangzhou city in China from November 1999 to January 2000. The birds were killed and primary feathers, chest muscle and liver were extracted. Levels of mercury, arsenic and selenium were analyzed by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mercury and arsenic concentrations in the tissues of these species showed similar distribution patterns: primary feather > liver > chest muscle. In contrast, the distribution pattern of selenium concentration was different: liver > chest muscle > primary feather. The mercury level differed among species and among tissues. Mercury concen-trations in liver and chest muscle were both significantly greater in Tristrams Bunting than that of Japanese White-eye. Mercury concentration of primary feather was not significantly different between two species. Concentrations of arsenic and selenium did not show any significant differences between species. Primary feathers as bio-indicator of pollution are better than internal tissues for monitoring mercury pollutant levels because mercury can be accumulated in feather. The level of mercury, arsenic and selenium had not significant correlation for most tissues. Only did mercury level significantly related with selenium in primary feather of Tris-trams Bunting and its regression formula is YHg=0.657XSe-0.237 (p=0.025). Based on level of heavy metals and selenium in bird tissues, pollution levels of heavy metals and selenium were lower compared to that of other localities in China.