试论我国乡村景观的特点及乡村景观规划的目标和内容

Discussion on characteristics of Chinese rural landscape and its planning objectives and contents

乡村景观是指乡村地域范围内不同土地单元镶嵌而成的嵌块体,以农业特征为主,是人类在自然景观的基础上建立起来的自然生态结构与人为特征的综合体。随着城镇化进程的加快,我国乡村景观将面临着前所未有的变化。如何保护乡村景观的特色和完整性,充分挖掘乡村景观的生态和文化旅游价值,使其形成高效、完整并具有传统特色的多功能的乡村地域,是21世纪乡村可持续发展的重要任务之一。文章首先界定了乡村景观的概念和内涵,指出了我国乡村景观的主要特征;然后探讨了乡村景观规划与土地利用之间的关系,认为乡村景观规划是未来我国乡村持续发展的重要手段;最后系统地讨论了我国乡村景观规划的目标和内容。

Rural landscape consists of a variety of agricultural land mosaics, which was evolved from the natural landscape through the intervening of human activities, thus it has both natural ecological as well as social characteristics. As the rapid progress of urbanization and township in China nowadays, its rural landscape has been suffering great changes and even damages. How to protect its traditional features and keep their integrality of local landscape in the rural area is the main target of rural landscape planning. It is also one of the primary trends of sustainable rural development in the 21th century. Firstly, the paper explains the concepts and meanings of rural landscape, and then points out the main characteristics of rural landscape in China. Secondly, it discusses the relationship between rural landscape planning and land use, and suggests that rural landscape planning is very important for the rural sustainable development in the future. Finally, a general discussion on objectives and contents of rural landscape planning is given.