吉林省畜禽养殖业的环境问题及防治技术

Environmental problems of stock raising and the solution in Jilin province

畜禽养殖业规模化生产带来了畜禽废弃物对环境的污染问题.2001～2002年作者的调查表明,吉林省8个主要城区畜禽存栏数已达到20184.87万头(只),由畜禽产生的粪便尿液总量达6533.24万t,它相当于全省当年工业废弃物产生量的4.1倍,这些排泄物向环境排放BOD5质量为2.7116万t,排放的CODCr质量为3.6414万t,排放的NH3-N质量为0.575万t.文章针对吉林省畜禽养殖业目前的生产规模和由此给环境带来的危害等问题,提出了相应的管理与治理措施,认为先进的饲料配方技术、清洁生产、开展国际合作以及使用生态厕所是解决问题的关键所在.

With the rapid development of economy, stock raising in Jilin province is being developed in a large scale. The environ-mental problems caused by stock raising were expounded. The investigation from 2001 to 2002 indicated that there were 201.8487106 of stock in the eight main districts in the province. The amount of feces and urine produced by the stock was 65.3324106 t, which was 4.1 times as much as solid wastes of industry in the province. This feces and urine might discharge BOD5 27.116103 t, CODCr 36.414103 t and NH3-N 5.75103 t, respectively. In most part of the countryside of Jilin province, stock feces and urine has been a main pollution source. Accoding to the current situation of the feces pollution in the province, it is suggested that improving feeding technology, developing ecological production, strengthening management, using bio-toilet and international corporations should be the keys to solve the problems.