RNA干扰的研究现状与展望

Recent Advances and Prospects on the RNA Interference

RNA干扰是一种由双链RNA所引起的序列特异性基因沉默。它是真核生物中基因转录后沉默作用的重要机制之一。这种机制在进化中呈保守趋势,介导对内外源性病理性核苷酸及侵入微生物的抵抗,并在染色质水平、转录水平、转录后水平和翻译水平层次上参与基因表达的调控。基于此机制建立的RNAi技术作为新兴的基因阻抑方法,在功能基因组学、微生物学、基因表达调控机理研究等领域得到了广泛应用。本文从RNAi的作用机制、生物学功能、特点及应用等方面介绍了其研究进展。

RNA interfernce is a kind of sequence specific gene scilencing caused by dsRNA. It is an important mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryoteic creature. This kind of mechanism keep the trend in evolution, leading to resistance of inside and outside diseased nucleotide and invading microorganism, and participate in gene expression and regulation in levels of chromatin, transcription,post-transcription and translation. RNAi is as a method of geneblocking, it is widely used in function genome, microorganism study,and gene expression and regulation.This text introduces its research progress from the RNAi functional mechanism, biological function, characteristics and applycation etc.