长期定位施肥对土娄土耕层土壤养分和土地生产力的影响

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil Nutrition and Land Productivity in Topsoil of Loess Soil

通过12a长期定位施肥研究了土娄土不同施肥处理对耕层土壤养分和土地生产力的影响。结果表明:1)施氮肥可以增加土壤全氮、土壤碱解氮的含量,施磷肥可以增加土壤全磷、土壤速效磷的含量,施钾肥对土壤全钾的影响不大但可以增加土壤速效钾的含量;氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥料可以使土壤有机质、全氮和全磷大幅度增加,有利于培肥地力。2)土娄土对玉米的供肥能力高于小麦,长期不施氮肥或磷肥,使土娄土生产力随种植年限的延续而下降,玉米下降的幅度分别为66.9%、45.1%,小麦下降的幅度分别为77.5%、75.8%。3)氮肥与磷肥配施或氮磷肥与有机肥配施,土娄土土地的生产力贡献率维持在93.5%～96.7%的较高水平。

A long-term fertilization trail at the fixed site field was conducted to study on the effect of the fertilization on soil nutrition and land productivity in topsoil of loess soil for twelve years since 1990. The results indicated that: 1)Rational application nitrogen and phosphorus or combined with organic materials increased organic matter, total-N and available-N , total-P and available-P of topsoil loess soil and thus increase soil fertility.2) It were different that soil fertility with wheat and maize, if lack application nitrogen and phosphorus ,thus induce land productivity was decreased with years continue of planting were 66.9% and 45.1% for maize, 77.5% and 75.8% for wheat.3) Coordinate application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers of N,P was the best way to increase contribution to the land productivity it was 93.5%～96.7% for loess soil.