利用海藻中的碘培育富碘蔬菜防治IDD病的初步研究

Preliminary Research of Cultivating Iodine-enriched Vegetables to Prevent IDD Based on Transformation of Iodine in Environment

以培育“绿色”富碘蔬菜 ,提高碘的土壤背景值 ,防治IDD病为目标 ,利用海带中的碘作为碘肥原料 ,进行了 4种蔬菜的施碘实验。结果表明 ,通过施加硅藻土海藻碘肥 ,可培育出含碘量 4～ 1 2 0mg/kg的叶菜类蔬菜 (菠菜和白菜 )和 2～ 3 0mg/kg的果实类蔬菜 (西红柿和萝卜 )。不同作物对碘的富集能力不同 ,其由大到小顺序为 :白菜 ,菠菜 ,西红柿和萝卜 ;不同部位对碘的吸收能力也不相同 :叶子大于果实和根部。作物通过叶面从空气中吸收碘的能力和通过根部从土壤中吸收碘的能力相当。土壤对碘的保持能力有限 ,从低施肥量到高施肥量 ,碘在土壤中的残留率从 5 0 %下降到 1 3 %。就培育日常食用性蔬菜而言 ,适宜的施碘量为 5～ 1

To cultivate'green'iodine-enriched vegetables,raise the iodine concentration in the soil and prevent endemic iodine deficiency disease(IDD),a series of iodine fertilizer made from algae application experiments were conducted.The results show that such vegetables as spinach and cabbage with iodine concentration from 4 to 120 mg/kg,as tomato and radish with iodine concentration from 2 to 30 mg/kg are cultivated in this research successfully.The ability of iodine enrichment in these vegetables are in this sequence,cabbage>spinach>tomato=radish.Iodine content in the different parts of the same plant is in the sequence,leaf>fruit,leaf>root.The ability of plant absorbing iodine from air is equal to soil.The residual of added iodine in soil is generally not high,only occupying from 50% to 13%.In a consideration of cultivating iodine-enriched vegetables as everyday food,the proper iodine dosage should be 5～10 mg/kg.