特种稻种质资源研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospect of Germplasm Research for Special Rice

我国从 2 0世纪 80年代开始广泛关注特种稻种质资源研究。至今以丰富的特种稻种质资源为基础 ,积极开展特种稻特殊性状遗传分析的同时 ,将常规育种与生物技术相结合 ,创新黑米、红米、软米、巨胚米、甜米等一系列特种稻新种质 ,并在水稻育种和生产上提供应用 ,为增加稻农收入做出了积极贡献。广泛开展特种稻资源的特殊性状鉴定和评价 ,筛选具有独特特性的优异种质资源 ,并进行基因型检测与遗传多样性分析和核心种质构建 ;将多个特殊性状相聚合 ,创新赖氨酸、微量元素、维生素等含量较高 ,黄酮、花青 3 葡萄糖苷、生物碱等生理活性物质含量较高的水稻种质是今后我国特种稻资源研究的重要内容。

Germplasm research has widely focused on special rice since the 1980s. Up to now, some genetic analyses of peculiar characters for special rice were positively conducted based on abundant special rice germplasm, including black and red rice, low amylose and super-giant embryo and suger endosperm rice etc, created by integrating conventional breeding with biotechnology and used in rice production, which have increased the income of farmer. Future research should include the characterization and evaluation of rice special traits, genetic and molecular analyses of special genotypes, analyses of genetic diversity and establishment of core collection, prebreeding of fuctional special rice with higher lysine, mineral element and vitumin content and higher physiologically active chemicals such as flavonet, cyanidin 3-glucoside etc.